Home

Words, Words, Words

Contronyms

I thought you all would enjoy this list I compiled from a few sources 😀.

From posts on Pocket Worthy and Judith Herman on Mental Floss:

  • Here’s an ambiguous sentence for you: “Because of the agency’s oversight, the corporation’s behavior was sanctioned.” Does that mean, “Because the agency oversaw the company’s behavior, they imposed a penalty for some transgression,” or does it mean, “Because the agency was inattentive, they overlooked the misbehavior and gave it their approval by default”? We’ve stumbled into the looking-glass world of contronyms—words that are their own antonyms.

1. Sanction (via French, from Latin sanctio(n-), from sancire ‘ratify,’) can mean “give official permission or approval for (an action)” or conversely, “impose a penalty on.”

2. Oversight is the noun form of two verbs with contrary meanings, “oversee” and “overlook.” Oversee, from Old English ofersēon (“look at from above”) means “supervise” (medieval Latin for the same thing: super-, “over” plus videre, “to see.”) Overlook usually means the opposite: “to fail to see or observe; to pass over without noticing; to disregard, ignore.”

3. Left can mean either remaining or departed. If the gentlemen have withdrawn to the drawing room for after-dinner cigars, who’s left? (The gentlemen have left and the ladies are left.)

4. Dust, along with the next two words, is a noun turned into a verb meaning either to add or to remove the thing in question. Only the context will tell you which it is. When you dust are you applying dust or removing it? It depends whether you’re dusting the crops or the furniture.

5. Seed can also go either way. If you seed the lawn you add seeds, but if you seed a tomato you remove them.

6. Stone is another verb to use with caution. You can stone some peaches, but please don’t stone your neighbor (even if he says he likes to get stoned).

7. Trim as a verb predates the noun, but it can also mean either adding or taking away. Arising from an Old English word meaning “to make firm or strong; to settle, arrange,” trim came to mean “to prepare, make ready.” Depending on who or what was being readied, it could mean either of two contradictory things: “to decorate something with ribbons, laces, or the like to give it a finished appearance” or “to cut off the outgrowths or irregularities of.” And the context doesn’t always make it clear. If you’re trimming the tree are you using tinsel or a chain saw?

8. Cleave can be cleaved into two homographs, words with different origins that end up spelled the same. Cleave, meaning “to cling to or adhere,” comes from an Old English word that took the forms cleofian, clifian, or clīfanCleave, with the contrary meaning “to split or sever (something)”—as you might do with a cleaver—comes from a different Old English word, clēofan. The past participle has taken various forms: cloven, which survives in the phrase “cloven hoof,” “cleft,” as in a “cleft palate” or “cleaved.”

9. Resign works as a contronym in writing. This time we have homographs, but not homophones. Resign, meaning “to quit,” is spelled the same as resign, meaning “to sign up again,” but it’s pronounced differently.

10. Fast can mean “moving rapidly,” as in running fast, or “fixed, unmoving,” as in holding fast. If colors are fast they will not run. The meaning “firm, steadfast” came first; the adverb took on the sense “strongly, vigorously,” which evolved into “quickly,” a meaning that spread to the adjective.

11. Off means “deactivated,” as in to turn off, but also “activated,” as in the alarm went off.

12. Weather can mean “to withstand or come safely through” (as in the company weathered the recession) or it can mean “to be worn away” (the rock was weathered).

13. Screen can mean to show (a movie) or to hide (an unsightly view).

14. Help means “assist,” unless you can’t help doing something, when it means “prevent.”

15. Clip can mean “to bind together” or “to separate.” You clip sheets of paper to together or separate part of a page by clipping something out. Clip is a pair of homographs, words with different origins spelled the same. Old English clyppan, which means “to clasp with the arms, embrace, hug,” led to our current meaning, “to hold together with a clasp.” The other clip, “to cut or snip (a part) away,” is from Old Norse klippa, which may come from the sound of a shears.

16. Continue usually means to persist in doing something, but as a legal term it means stop a proceeding temporarily.

17. Fight with can be interpreted three ways. “He fought with his mother-in-law” could mean “They argued,” “They served together in the war,” or “He used the old battle-ax as a weapon.” (Thanks to linguistics professor Robert Hertz for this idea.)

18. Flog, meaning “to punish by caning or whipping,” shows up in school slang of the 17th century, but now it can have the contrary meaning, “to promote persistently,” as in “flogging a new book.” Perhaps that meaning arose from the sense “to urge (a horse, etc.) forward by whipping,” which grew out of the earliest meaning.

19. Go means “to proceed,” but also “give out or fail,” i.e., “This car could really go until it started to go.”

20. Hold up can mean “to support” or “to hinder”: “What a friend! When I’m struggling to get on my feet, he’s always there to hold me up.”

21. Out can mean “visible” or “invisible.” For example, “It’s a good thing the full moon was out when the lights went out.”

22. Out of means “outside” or “inside”: “I hardly get out of the house because I work out of my home.”

23. B**ch can derisively refer to a woman who is considered overly aggressive or domineering, or it can refer to someone passive or submissive.

24. Peer is a person of equal status (as in a jury of one’s peers), but some peers are more equal than others, like the members of the peerage, the British or Irish nobility.

25. Toss out could be either “to suggest” or “to discard”: “I decided to toss out the idea.”

The contronym (also spelled “contranym”) goes by many names, including auto-antonym, antagonym, enantiodrome, self-antonym, antilogy and Janus word (from the Roman god of beginnings and endings, often depicted with two faces looking in opposite directions). Can’t get enough of them? The folks at Daily Writing Tips have rounded up even more

From The Blog

HR “Speak” – Part Two

June 9, 2026
Posted in

In my October, 2025, blog post (“HR” Speak – BB’s Words), my HR expert friend, Maggie Peters, gave me some language that HR people use…

Animal Groups

May 5, 2026
Posted in

In honor of National Pet Month (May), here are words for groups of animals (in case you want to adopt several animals 🤗🥰.) Did you…

Confusing Adjectives (or Nouns?)

March 24, 2026
Posted in

American English puts adjectives before nouns. Okay. Not too confusing. We even add a LOT of adjectives in a row and finally get to the…

Books from Barbara P. Burke

Mr. Smiles® Stories

(Also available in Spanish)

Title World Tales™

More Great Books

Persuasive Communication™ Training

Do you have a lot of thoughts but can’t seem to put them together? As the “Thought Connector,” Dr. Burke will help you organize your thoughts to best convey your message to your customers or clients.

Upcoming Events

Apparently, 2025 has just flown by because I forgot to update my this-year's calendar!

Much has happened! In March, 2025, I decided to work with a friend's son to professionally record six previously recorded webinars (originally recorded from home, so . . . 😏).

I had so much fun that I added 4 more in June, and I have at least 4 more scheduled for 2026. They are all about "Real Estate Complications" - a perfect title for what can go wrong - and who knew that this much can go wrong! I'll let you all know when the package is ready for public viewing and where.

It's a great series of insightful videos for all real estate professionals - paralegals, real estate agents/brokers, title insurance agents/insurers, county recorders - plus new home buyers! Fun plans for 2026!

   P.S. I'm still looking for a literary agent to help with publishing my "Mr. Smiles" children's books, in case you know of anyone who could assist.

In the meantime, I am editing all of my "Title World Tales," including the 4th one about the lending world. Future topics include water rights and NEIGHBORS! 😄 Good neighbors make boundary disputes disappear. Bad neighbors?? Stay tuned!

👉 I also added a "Fraud Factors" presentation to my 2025 calendar that includes all types of frauds, not just real estate fraud. I gave the presentation to a friend's church group a few weeks ago. There was a detective in the audience who thanked me for spreading the word.

If you want me to speak for your group about Fraud, please let me know! It's SO important for people to understand the clues to detect fraud and to understand that they are not the only ones to fall for these scams.

I'll see you all at the FLTA convention November 3 - 5 in Sandestin!

Testimonials

I read the Mr. Smiles books and really liked them! I definitely feel like some of them can help autistic children such as book #1 which focuses on making sense of emotions and how to regulate them, book #3 which talks about social cues, and book #4 which navigates social situations related to bullying (very common thing that autistic kids face).

Jordan Brooks
Autistic Children Counselor

I had a chance to read them, and I loved the life lessons in them. I thought that the intergenerational friendship was very sweet, and that it is important to have a book that teaches children how to deal with feelings and difficult situations. I do think that they will be helpful. I think that I will try to give them as sets to teachers for social/emotional modules, or to give to kids who are going through grief, bullying, etc. Thank you for writing these!

Sally McArthur
Founder and Co-Director, Facilitating Learning for Youth, Inc.

I received it and love it. [in response to ordering “Dead People Should Not Sign Deeds”]

Sabine Seidel
Underwriting Counsel for Westcor Land Title Insurance Company

The Title World Tales series is SO well-written, informative, and easy to digest!  The resources are fantastic!

Cindi Dixon
Real Estate Investor